Peace Agreements as International Legal Acts Protecting National Minorities: The Scope Ratione Personae

Peace agreements without commitment

In this paper we present a model of war between two rational and completely informed players. We show that in the absence of binding agreements war can be avoided in many cases by one player transferring money to the other player. In most cases, the "rich" country transfers part of her money to the "poor" country. Only when the military pro…ciency of the "rich" country is su¢ ciently large, the...

Protecting Minorities through the Average Voting Rule∗

Properties of an average voting rule the outcome being some weighted average of votes are investigated, with particular attention to its ability to protect minorities. The unique average voting outcome is characterized with a median formula which depends on the voters’ preferred allocations and some parameters constructed from the voters’ weights. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions ...

Online Judgment in the Context of International and National Rules: Ethical and Legal ‎Challenges

Background: Online judgment is an economical and faster way than the judicial one. With the ‎development of technology in recent decades, it has also been possible to make judgments ‎online. Although few countries have incorporated this approach into their laws, online ‎judgments are being developed and implemented in various areas such as international trade or ‎intellectual property. The pres...

African Regional Trade Agreements as Flexible Legal Regimes

I. Introduction Trade integration in Africa is often viewed in light of the European Union and other regional integration arrangements like the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). From this perspective, integration is regarded as necessarily destined to proceed on a linear path where tariffs and non-tariff barriers are progressively eliminated, the trade regimes of member countries are...

Implementing the Peace: The Aggregate Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements and Peace Duration after Intrastate Armed Conict